Andrew Carnegie

Born:

November 24, 1835, Dunfermline, Scotland

Died:

August 11, 1919, Lenox, Massachusetts, USA

Nationality:

Scottish-American

Profession(s):

Industrialist, Businessman, Philanthropist

Early Life and Education

• Emigrated to the United States with his family in 1848.
• Began working at a young age, initially in a cotton mill and later as a telegraph messenger.
• Demonstrated a strong aptitude for learning and self-improvement through reading.

Career and Major Achievements

• Rose through the ranks of the Pennsylvania Railroad, investing wisely in various ventures.
• Established Carnegie Steel Company, dominating the American steel industry in the late 19th century.
• Pioneered innovative business practices, including vertical integration and cost control.
• Sold Carnegie Steel to J.P. Morgan in 1901, forming U.S. Steel.
• Dedicated the remainder of his life to philanthropic endeavors.

Legacy and Impact

Andrew Carnegie's legacy is defined by his immense contributions to both industrial development and philanthropy. His business acumen transformed the steel industry, while his charitable giving established institutions that continue to benefit society today.

Notable Works

• "Triumphant Democracy" (1886)
• "The Gospel of Wealth" (1889)
• "An American Four-in-Hand in Britain" (1883)
• Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie (1920) - A valuable primary source for understanding his life and philosophies. Reading contemporary and subsequent autobiography of andrew carnegie reviews provides additional perspectives on his work and impact.

Philanthropic Contributions

• Established Carnegie Corporation of New York, a philanthropic foundation.
• Funded the construction of over 2,500 public libraries worldwide.
• Founded Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Institution for Science, and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
• Supported various educational and cultural institutions.

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