Albert Einstein
- Born:
- 14 March 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- 18 April 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Moved to Munich shortly after birth.
- Relatively late in learning to speak.
- Received early education in Catholic elementary school.
- Completed high school in Aarau, Switzerland.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern (1902-1909).
- Published groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (Miracle Year).
- Developed the theory of special relativity.
- Explained the photoelectric effect, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
- Developed the theory of general relativity (published in 1915).
- Became a professor at the University of Berlin and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.
- Emigrated to the United States in 1933 due to the rise of Nazism.
- Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, warning about the potential of nuclear weapons.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) – Introduced special relativity.
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) – Introduced the mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- "Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement" (1905) – Provided evidence for the existence of atoms.
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916) – Explained gravity as the curvature of spacetime.
- Numerous other scientific papers and articles on a variety of physics topics.
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's contributions revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His work laid the foundation for numerous advancements in physics and technology, and he remains one of the most influential and recognizable scientists of all time. Many sources mention an "arzoo govitrikar biography of albert", but specific documented publications need further verification.